Q: I am a 44-year-old female and my mother has glaucoma. My yearly eye exam showed increased pressure in my eyes. What can I do to prevent developing glaucoma myself?
A: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide and is increasing in prevalence with about three million American’s diagnosed with it according to the CDC. It’s described as a group of diseases which damage the optic nerve. Open angle glaucoma is the most common form, causing increased eye pressure.
There is emerging evidence that metabolic deficiencies and defects play a critical role in the development of glaucoma. As more and more people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and/or high blood pressure, the prevalence of glaucoma is increasing. Diabetes alone doubles the risk of developing glaucoma. Excess weight is also implicated—as this is where metabolic abnormalities that lead to high blood pressure and hyperglycemia often begin.
The good news is that changes in diet and lifestyle can help in preventing or managing glaucoma.
Limiting excess refined carbohydrates and sugar-containing foods along with reducing or eliminating intake of unhealthy fats like trans fats (easy to do when eliminating processed foods) and increasing omega-3 fats in the diet are helpful for reducing inflammation and preventing vascular damage. Leafy greens which are rich in nitrates may improve blood flow to the optic nerve, reducing glaucoma risk. Nitrates are beneficial for blood vessel dilation and restoring healthy blood pressure levels. Antioxidants like vitamin C and green tea (EGCG) help with oxidative stress associated with inflammation.
Stimulants like caffeine may increase intraocular pressure—at least temporarily—in those individuals with glaucoma, but responses may vary based on genetics and overall eye health.
Metabolic fitness is the goal. Diet and lifestyle changes are essential to supporting eye health and glaucoma management along with medical treatment.
To your health!
Leyla Muedin, MS, RD, CDN
